Essays/Parentheses Matching

x paren y draws lines connecting matching parentheses in phrase y using box drawing characters x . If x is elided then those specified in the J session configuration are used.

depth =: [: +/\ =/\@(''''&~:) * 1 _1 0 {~ '()' i. ]
levels=: i.@-@(>./) </ ]
i4    =: 2 #.\"(1) 0 ,. ]
paren2=: (' ',6 8 10{[) {~ i4@levels@depth@]
paren =: (9!:6 '')&$: : (],paren2)

For example:

   paren 5!:5 <'depth'
[: +/\ =/\@(''''&~:) * 1 _1 0 {~ '()' i. ]
           └───────┘

   paren 5!:6 <'depth'
[: ((+/)\) ((((=/)\)@(''''&~:)) * (1 _1 0 ({~) ('()' i. ])))
              └──┘
             └─────┘ └───────┘            └──┘ └─────────┘
    └──┘    └─────────────────┘   └───────────────────────┘
   └─────┘ └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘

A similar problem is that of find the minimal enclosing parentheses around a given point in a parenthesized text. mep solves this problem:

NB. y is a string containing parentheses, or (a string containing delimiters);(start,end delimiters)
NB. x is [possibly a list of] indexes into y
NB. Result is table of (start,end) for the minimal enclosing parentheses
NB. for each point of x.
mep =: 4 : 0"1
if. L. y do. 'y delims' =. y else. delims =. '()' end.
NB. Assign nesting level to each character; make level of ) match (
nlevel =. (+/\ + _1&=) class =. 1 _1 0 {~ delims i. y
NB. Create records for sorting:
NB. First, the parentheses:  level,position,_1 or #x based on class   (to sort in order start,ref,end)
NB. Then, the requested indexes:  level,position,(item# in x)
lpc =. (({&nlevel ,. ] ,. (0 _1,#x) {~ ({&class)) I. class ~: 0) , ({&nlevel ,. ] ,. i.@#) x
NB. Sort into order; assign interval number to each point; select interval numbers for points
NB. of interest; sort back into order of the original x
(((-.@(e.&(_1,#x)) (# C.^:_1 (# +/\@:(_1&=))) ])@] { 0 0 , _2 ]\ ((# 1&{"1)~ e.&(_1,#x)))  (2&{"1)) /:~ lpc
)
   5 6 mep '((0 1 (2 3))4 5)'
1 11
6 10

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Contributed by Roger Hui; mep by Henry Rich. An earlier version appeared in the J Forum on 2008-07-31.