Vocabulary/plus

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+ y

Conjugate

Rank 0 -- operates on individual atoms of y, producing a result of the same shape -- WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

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The complex conjugate of the number y

   + 3
3
   + 3j5
3j_5

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Common uses

1. Test z is real not complex

   if. z=+z do.
      ...
   end.

2. Find the real part of z

   z=: 3j4
   -: z+ +z   NB. (-:) is: Halve
3

A better solution is 9&o. (see Circle Functions (o.).

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More Information

0. Conjugate video

1. Complex conjugates are a pair of complex numbers, both having the same real part, but with imaginary parts of equal magnitude and opposite signs.

If y is real, then (+y) is the same as y

   + 7 0 _7
7 0 _7

2. J supports complex numbers and returns them as required by a calculation.

The way to write the scalar numeral having real part 3 and imaginary part 4i is: (3j4).

   sqrt=: 3 : 'y^0.5'  NB. (sqrt y) is y to the power of 0.5
   sqrt=: ^&0.5        NB. (tacit alternative)
   sqrt 49
7
   sqrt _1
0j1
   + sqrt _1
0j_1
   |sqrt _1   NB. The sq root of _1 has magnitude 1
1
   | z=: 3j4  NB. vector repn of z is 3-4-5 triangle
5             NB. hence its magnitude is the hypotenuse
   + z
3j_4
   | +z       NB. Conjugate of z has same magnitude as z
5

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x + y

Plus

Rank 0 0 -- operates on individual atoms of x and y, producing a result of the same shape -- WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

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Adds two numeric nouns: x and y

   2 + 3
5

Either or both of x, y can be atoms.

   x=: 5
   y=: 2 3 4

   x + y
7 8 9
   y + x
7 8 9

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Common uses

1. Increment an array by the same amount throughout

   100 + 0 1 2
100 101 102

2. Sum the numbers in a given list

   +/0 1 2 3
6

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Related primitives

Minus (-)

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More Information

0. Plus video

1. If both x and y are arrays, they must agree.

   x=: 100 200
   y=: 2 3$i.6

   x + y
100 101 102
203 204 205
   x=: 100 200 300
   x + y
|length error
|   x    +y[x=:100 200 300[y=:2 3$i.6

Note however the use of Rank (") to add 1-cells of x and y

   x +"1 y
100 201 302
103 204 305

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Use These Combinations

Combinations using x + y that have exceptionally good performance include:

What It Does	Type; Precisions; Ranks	Syntax		Primitives permitted in place of f	Variants; Restrictions	Benefits; Bug Warnings
Count number of places where  x f y is true	Permitted: Boolean, integer, floating point, byte, symbol (not unicode). x and y need not be the same precision.	x ([: +/ f) y	x +/@:f y	= ~: < <: > >: e. E.	Permitted: (f!:0) (parentheses obligatory!) to force exact comparison. J recognizes FLO only if f returns an atom or list.	Avoids computing entire  x f y Bug warning: if f is e. it does (,@e.) rather than e. regardless of ranks of arguments

What it does	Type; Precisions; Ranks	Syntax	Variants; Restrictions	Benefits; Bug Warnings
Count number of cells of y that match m-items		+/@e.&m y		Bug warning: it does (,@e.) rather than e.
Reductions on infixes	Boolean, integer, floating-point	x +/\ y	<. >. in place of +	much faster than alternatives
Mean on infixes	integer and floating-point	x (+/%#)\ y	x positive *. = ~: in place of +	much faster than alternatives
Boolean reductions on partitions	Boolean	x +//. y	= <. >. +. * *. ~: in place of +	avoids building argument cells
Reductions on partitions	integer, floating-point	x +//. y	<. >. in place of +	avoids building argument cells
Find mean of each partition		x (+/ % #)/. y		avoids building argument cells
Polynomial Multiplication		x +//.@(*/) y		avoids building argument cells
Polynomial Multiplication (Boolean)	Boolean	x ~://.@(*./) y x ~://.@(+./) y x +//.@(*./) y x +//.@(+./) y		avoids building argument cells
Sum along diagonals		+//. y		avoids building argument cells
Mean with rank		(+/ % #) y		Supported as a primitive by (+/ % #)"n

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